Indawo elungileyo yokuqalisa yindlela yokutshintsha kwemveliso yokutya kunye nokusetyenziswa kweMveliso yeYurophu. Ngokwesiko, amazwe athanda ukuba awanele ekutyeni. Kodwa kwiBritane yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukwaneliseka kukutya kuthetha ukuba iphantsi kwenqanaba lokuphila kunye nokungqubana kwezentlalo. Kutheni le nto?
Ukukhula kwenani labantu ukusuka kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo kwandinyusa imfuno yokutya eBritani. Njengoko amaziko edolophu asanda kwaye umzi-mveliso wakhula, imfuno yeemveliso zezolimo yenyuka, ityhala amaxabiso emidlalo yokutya. Phantsi koxinzelelo kumaqela afunyanwayo, urhulumente ukwathintela ukungenisa kwengqolowa. Imithetho ivumela urhulumente ukuba enze le nto ayesaziwa njengemithetho ‘yombona’. Andonwabanga ngamaxabiso aphezulu okutya, amashishini kunye nabahlali basezidolophini banyanzelisa ukupheliswa kwemithetho yeCorn.
Emva kokuba imithetho ye-CON itshekishwe, ukutya kungangeniswa kwiBritane ngexabiso eliphantsi kunelo linokuveliswa ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. Ezolimo zaseBritane azikwazi ukukhuphisana nengeniso. Iindawo ezikhulu zomhlaba zazishiywe zingaqhelekanga, kwaye amawaka amadoda nabafazi baphoswa ngaphandle emsebenzini. Bathontelana ukuya ezixekweni okanye bafudukele phesheya.
Njengoko amaxabiso okutya awa, ukusebenzisa eBritani kwanyuka. Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kwiBritani kwakhokelela kwingeniso ephezulu, kwaye ke ngoko ngaphezulu kokutya. Kwihlabathi liphela-eMpuma Yurophu, iRussia, iMelika, iAustralia – imihlaba yayicociwe kwaye iveliswe kukutya kwandisiwe ukuze ifezekise imfuno yeBritane.
Kwakungekho kwanele nje ukucoca amazwe kwezolimo. Kwakufuneka oololiwe kwakufuneka banxibelelane nemimandla yezolimo ukuya emaphethelweni. Amazibuko amatsha kwakufuneka akhiwe kwaye abo badala bandise ukuhambisa iimpahla ezintsha. Abantu kwakufuneka bahlale emhlabeni ukuba babazise phantsi kokulima. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba amakhaya kunye nokuhlala. Yonke le misebenzi iye yafumana imali efunekayo kunye nabasebenzi. I-capital iqukumbela ukusuka kumaziko emali anje ngeLondon. Ibango lezabasebenzi kwiindawo ezikwiindawo apho abasebenzi babekho khona – njengaseMelika nase-Australia – kukhokelela ekufudukeni ngakumbi.
Phantse kwizigidi ezingama-50 abantu abafudukele eYurophu ukuya eMelika naseOstreliya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Lonke ilizwe le-150 yezigidi luqikelelwa ukuba lashiya amakhaya abo, elwandlekazi kunye nomgama omkhulu womhlaba ngokukhangela ikamva elingcono.
Yiyo loo nto ngo-1890, uqoqosho lwezolimo lwehlabathi oluye lwathatha ubume, luhamba notshintsho oluntsonkothileyo kwiipateni zokuhamba kwabasebenzi, ukuhamba kwendalo, indalo kunye neteknoloji yokutya ayisafiki kwilali ekufutshane okanye isusela kumawakawaka eekhilomitha kude. Ayiphulukanga ngokuthoba umthetho wakhe, kodwa ngumsebenzi wezolimo, mhlawumbi sele efikile, owayesebenza kwifama enkulu apho kwasenokwenzeka ukuba ihlathi. Yaqhutywa nguloliwe, yazakhela kakhulu loo njongo kakhulu, kwaye ngeenqanawa ezazisibalekela kule minyaka ingamashumi i-Europe Europe, iAfrika kunye neCaribbean.
Olunye lotshintsho olumangalisayo, nangona kudala, kwenzeka kwikhaya elisondeleyo kwi-West Punjab. Apha urhulumente wase-Indiya waseBritane wakhela uthungelwano lwe-canals yokunkcenkceshela ukuze kuguqulwe inkunkuma ye-sub yenkukhu kumazwe achumileyo kwezolimo anokukhula ingqolowa nekotoni yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ikholoni yeCanal, njengoko imimandla inkcenkceshelwa imijelo emitsha ibibizwa, yalungiswa ngabafana ukusuka kwamanye amalungu ePunjab.
Ewe, ukutya ngumntu nje. Ibali elifanayo lingaxelelwa i-cotton, ukulima okwandisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela ukondla ii-blills ze-britale. Okanye irabha. Ewe, khawuleza wenzelwe ngokudibeneyo kwimveliso yemveliso yorhwebo, ukuba phakathi kwe-1820 no-1914 urhwebo lwehlabathi luqikelelwa ukuba luphindwe ka-25 ukuya kuma-40. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-60 zolu rhwebo eziqokelelwe ‘iimveliso eziphambili’ – oko kukuthi, iimveliso zezolimo ezinje ngengqolowa kunye nekotoni, kunye namalahle.
Language: Xhosa