Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga ndeyekuchinja maitiro ekugadzirwa kwechikafu uye kushandiswa mumuindasitiri Europe. Netsika, nyika dzinofarira kuzvikwanira pakudya. Asi muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe eBritain, kuzvigutsa muchidimbu zvaireva kuderera zviyero zvekurarama uye kukakavara munharaunda. Nei izvi zvaive zvakadaro?
Kukura kwehuwandu kubva kumagumo ezana makumi masere nemasere kwaive kwakawedzera kudiwa kwezvekudya zvekudya muBritain. Sezvo nzvimbo dzekutakura maguta dzaiwedzerwa uye indasitiri yakakura, iko kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima kwakakwira, kusundira mitengo yezvikafu zvekudya. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kumapoka akadzika, hurumende yakarambidzawo iyo yekunyika. Mitemo inobvumira Hurumende kuita izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa se ‘miganho yeiyo’. Asingafare nemitengo yakakwirira yekudya, vaindiridzi uye vagari vemumaguta vakamanikidza kubviswa kwemitemo yeiyo yechibage.
Pashure pemitemo yezvigadzirwa yakabviswa, chikafu chinogona kuendeswa ku Britain zvakanyanya kudhura kupfuura zvingagadzirwa mukati menyika. Kuunganidzira kweBritish hakuna kukwanisa kukwikwidza nekupinza. Nzvimbo huru dzenyika dzakasiyiwa dzisina kuvhurwa, uye zviuru zvevarume nevakadzi vakakandwa kunze kwebasa. Vakasimuka mumaguta kana mhiri kwemakungwa.
Sezvo mitengo yezvikafu yakawa, kunwa kwekudya muBritain kwod. Kubva pakati pezana ramakore, kukura kwekukurumidza kuBritain kwakatungamirawo kumamoyo epamusoro, uye saka zvimwe zvikafu zvekudya. Pasi rese -Uku Eastern Europe, Russia, America neAustralia – Nyika dzaive dzakajekeswa uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwakawedzera kusangana neBritish.
Izvo zvaive zvisina kukwana kungoisa kujekesa nyika dzekurima. Railways yaidiwa kuti ibatanidze matunhu ekurima kuzviteshi. New Harbols aifanira kuvakwa nevachembera vakawedzera kutumira zvinhu zvitsva. Vanhu vaifanira kugara pamusoro penyika kuti vaunze ivo vari pasi pokurimwa. Izvi zvaireva kuvaka dzimba nenzvimbo. Zvese zviitiko izvi nenzira inodiwa uye vashandi. Capital inoyerera kubva kunzvimbo dzemari dzakadai seLondon. Kudiwa kweVashandi munzvimbo dzinowanikwa mari pfupi – seAmerican neAustralia – yakatungamira kune mamwe kutama.
Vanoda kusvika mamirioni makumi mashanu vanhu vakatama kubva kuEurope kuenda kuAmerica neAustralia muzana muzana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Pasi rese mamwe mamirioni zana nemakumi mashanu vanofungidzirwa kuti vakasiya dzimba dzavo, vakayambuka makungwa uye marefu akawanda pamusoro penyika yekutsvaga ramangwana riri nani.
Saka na 1890, hupfumi hwenyika hweGlobal. Hazvina kukura nemuridzi akasvitsa nyika yake, asi nemushandi wekurima, pamwe achangobva kushanda, uyo aive zvino ave kushanda papurazi rakakura iro rakanyanya kuve sango. Yakatakurwa njanji, yakavakirwa nechinangwa ichocho, uye nezvikepe izvo zvakawedzera kurongwa mumakumi emakore nevashandi vakabhadharwa kubva kuSouthern Europe, Asia, Africa neCarribean.
Zvimwe zvekuchinja kunoshamisa uku, kunyange pane chiyero chidiki, chakaitika kuswededzwa kumba kumadokero punjab. Pano kuBritish Indian Hurumende yakavakwa network yekudiridza maCocigation canals kuti ishandure gentform sertes mune yakaorera ekurima nzvimbo dzekurima dzichigona kukura gorosi nekotoni yekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Iwo maCocial Colonies, sezvo nzvimbo dzinodarwa nemakona matsva dzakadanwa, dzakagadziriswa nevarimi kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvePunjab.
Ehe, chikafu chinongova muenzaniso. Nyaya yakafanana inogona kuudzwa nekotoni, kurimwa kweiyo yakawedzera pasi rese kuti iwane british machira emamirimita. Kana rabha. Chokwadi, nekukurumidza zvakaita sangano rezvematunhu mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvigadzirwa, kuti pakati pa 1824 ne1914 kutengeserana kwenyika kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakawedzera nguva 25 kusvika makumi mana. Vanenge makumi matanhatu muzana pane iyi yekutengeserana yakaunganidzwa ‘Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga’ – izvo, izvo zvigadzirwa zvekurima senge gorosi nekotoni, uye zvicherwa zvakadai semarasha.
Language: Shona