UDhangars wayengumphakathi obalulekile weMaharashtra. Ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka labantu babo kulesi sifunda sasilinganiselwa ku-467,000. Iningi lazo kwakungabelusi, abanye babenolulu bengubo, kanti abanye babeyi-buffalo herders. Abelusi baseDhangar bahlala ethafeni eliphakathi neMaharashtra ngesikhathi soMonsoon. Lesi kwakuyisifunda semi-arid enemvula ephansi nenhlabathi empofu. Kwambozwa ngesikhafu esinameva. Akukho lutho kodwa izilimo ezomile ezifana ne-bapa zingahlwanyelwa lapha. Ku-monsoon leli pheshana laphenduka indawo enkulu edla imihlambi ye-dhangar. Ngo-Okthoba ama-Dhangars avunwe iBajra awo futhi aqala ukunyakaza kwawo entshonalanga. Ngemuva kwemashi cishe ngenyanga bafika eKonkan. Leli kwakuyipheshana lokulima elichumayo elinemvula ephezulu nenhlabathi ecebile. Lapha abelusi babemukelwa ngabalimi beKonkani. Ngemuva kokuthi isivuno sikaKharif sinqunywe ngalesi sikhathi, amasimu kwadingeka avundiswe futhi alungiselelwe isivuno se-rabi. Imihlambi ye-Dhangar inamathele amasimu futhi idliwe ku-stubble. Abalimi beKonkani baphinde banikeza irayisi ababuyise khona abelusi ethafeni lapho kwakukhona okusanhlamvu. Ngokuqala koMonsoon ama-Dhancars ashiye iKonkan kanye nezindawo ezisogwini ngemihlambi yazo futhi abuyela ezindaweni zawo ethafeni elomile. Izimvu azikwazanga ukubekezelela izimo ezimanzi monsoon. EKarnataka nase-Andhra Pradesh, futhi, ithafa eliphakathi eliphakathi lalimbozwe ngamatshe notshani, abahlalwa yizinkomo, izimbuzi nezimvu. Ama-gollas ahlabe izinkomo. AmaKurumas noKurubas bakhulisa izimvu nezimbuzi bathengisa izingubo zokulala. Bahlala eduze kwezinkuni, batshala iziqeshana ezincane zomhlaba, bahlanganyela ezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi emincane futhi banakekela imihlambi yabo. Ngokungafani nabafundisi bezintaba, kwakungewona amakhaza neqhwa elichaze imigqi yesizini yokunyakaza kwabo: kunalokho kwakungukushintsha kwesizini kanye nenkathi eyomile. Ngesizini eyomile bathuthela emaphepheni asogwini, basuka lapho izimvula zifika. Ama-buffaloes kuphela athande izimo ezinamanzi, ezimanzi zezindawo ezisogwini ngesikhathi sezinyanga ze-monsoon. Eminye imihlambi bekufanele iguqukele ethafeni elomile ngalesi sikhathi.
I-Banjaras yayingenye futhi iqembu elaziwayo lamaGregists. Kwakufanele zitholakale emadolobhaneni ase-Uttar Pradesh, i-Punjab, eRajasthan, iMadhya Pradesh neMaharashtra. Besesha amadlelo amahle ngezinkomo zabo, bathuthela amabanga amade, bethengisa izinkomo ezilimayo nezinye izimpahla ezazihlangene ezakhamizi zokusanhlamvu kanye nefolishi.
Umthombo B
Ukulandisa kwabahambi abaningi kusitshela ngempilo yamaqembu abefundisi. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, uBuchanan wavakashela amaGollas ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwakhe nge-Mysore. Wabhala:
‘Imindeni yabo ihlala emadolobhaneni amancane eduze kwesiketi sehlathi, lapho ahlakulela khona umhlabathi omncane, futhi agcine ezinye zezinkomo zawo, ethengisa emadolobheni angukukhiqizwa kobisi. Imindeni yabo inezinsizwa eziningi kakhulu, eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili kulona ngakunye. Ababili noma abathathu balaba bangena emhlambini ehlathini, kuyilapho okusele bekuhlakulela amasimu abo, futhi banikeze amadolobhana ngezinkuni, nangotshani. ‘
Kusuka ku: UFrancis Hamilton Buchanan, uhambo olusuka emazweni aseMysore, eCanara kanye neMalabar (London, 1807).
Ogwadule lwaseRajasthan baphila ama-raikas. Imvula esifundeni yayincane futhi ayiqinisekile. Emhlabeni otshaliwe, ukuvuna kwashintshashintsha njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphezulu kwe-slokeres akukho sitshalo esingatshalwa. Ngakho-ke ama-raikas ahlanganiswe nokutshala nokwakheka. Ngesikhathi se-MonOONS, ama-raikas aseBarmer, iJaisalmer, uJodhpur noBikaner bahlala emizaneni yasekhaya, lapho kwakutholakala khona amadlelo. Ngo-Okthoba, lapho lezi zizathu zokudla amadlelo zazomile futhi zikhathele, zaphuma zisesha amanye amadlelo namanzi, zaphinde zabuya ngesikhathi kuncibilika kakhulu. Iqembu elilodwa le-raikas – elaziwa ngokuthi yi-Maru Desert) Raikas – amakamela ahlanzekile nelinye iqembu bakhulisa i-heep nembuzi. Ngakho-ke siyabona ukuthi impilo yalezi zingxenye zokwalusa yasekelwa ngokubheka ngokucophelela kwezinto eziningi. Bekumele bahlulele ukuthi imihlambi ibingahlala isikhathi esingakanani endaweni eyodwa, futhi yazi ukuthi bangawatholaphi amanzi nedlelo. Babedinga ukubala isikhathi sokunyakaza kwabo, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bangakwazi ukuhamba ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Kwakufanele basungule ubuhlobo nabalimi endleleni, ukuze imihlambi yakwazi uklaba amasimu avuniwe futhi aqubule inhlabathi. Bahlanganisa uhla lwemisebenzi ehlukene – ukulima, ukuhweba kanye nokulungiselela- ukukwenza impilo yabo.
Impilo yabafundisi yaguquka kanjani ngaphansi kokubusa kwamakoloni?
Language: Zulu