UDhangars wayengumntu obalulekileyo kwi-maharashtra. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini abemi bawo abakule ndawo baqikelelwa ukuba babe ngama-467,000. Uninzi lwazo yayingabalusi, abanye baba ngabasalokishi, kwaye abanye babengabalusi bakaBuffalo. Abalusi bakaDhangar bahlala kwiPlate yoMbindi Maharashtra ngexesha le-Monsoon. Le yayiyindawo enomgangatho owongamileyo kunye nemvula ephantsi kunye nomhlaba ohluphekayo. Yagutyungelwa sisikrweqe esinameva. Akukho nto ngaphandle kwezityalo ezomileyo ezinjengeBhapa zinokuhlwayelwa apha. Kwimonssoon Eli phecana laba yinto enkulu yokutyisa yedraing ye-dhangar. Ngo-Okthobha ii-Dhangars zavusa i-bajra yazo kwaye zaqala ukuya kwintshona yazo entshona. Emva kohambo malunga nenyanga bafika kwi-Konkan. Eli yayiliphecana eliqengqelekayo kwezolimo kunye nemvula ephezulu kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo. Apha abalusi bamkelekile nguKonani Peasiants. Emva kokuvunwa kwe-Kharif wasikwa ngeli xesha, amasimi kwafuneka achume kwaye alungiselele ukuvunwa kwelali. I-Dhangar Hlecks ifikelela amasimi kwaye idliwe kwindiza. Abalingane bakaKonkani Peasicant nabo baphinda banika irayisi yedini abesibuyisele abalusi ababenqongophele. Ngokuqala kwe-monssoon ii-Dhangars zashiya i-Konkan kunye neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni ngempahla yabo yempahla kwaye ibuyele kwiindawo zazo kwithafa labo. Iigusha azikwazanga ukunyamezela iimeko ze-mondoon ezimanzi. EKarnataka noAndhra Pradesh, kwakhona, ithambeka elisembindini laligutyungelwe ngamatye nengca, intwana yeenkomo, ibhokhwe kunye nabalusi beebhokhwe. I-Gobhombu iphela. IKorumas noKurubhayo bakhulisa iigusha neebhokhwe, bathengisa iingubo ezimbanjiweyo. Bahlala kufutshane neenkuni, behlakulelwa umhlaba omncinci, bebandakanyeka kwiindawo ezithengiswayo ze-petty kwaye wazikhathalela imihlambi yazo. Ngokungafaniyo nobutshintsho beentaba, yayingeyonto ebandayo nekhephu elichaza imijikelezo yamaxesha eminyaka yentshukumo yabo: kunokuba yayiyindlela ye-monssoon neyomileyo. Ngexesha elomileyo bafudukela kumaphecana aselunxwemeni, kwaye bemka xa imvula ifikile. Iinyathi kuphela ezazithanda i-swamy, iimeko ezimanzi zeendawo ezingaselunxwemeni ngexesha leenyanga zeMonsoon. Ezinye iinkomo kwakufuneka zitshintshelwe kwithafa elomileyo ngeli xesha.
I-Bajaras yayilinye iqela elaziwayo leGrazids. Baza kufunyanwa kwimizana ye-Uttar, iPunjabhi, iRajasthan, mahhya Poodesh neMaharashtra. Ukukhangela kwidlelo elilungileyo kwiinkomo zabo, bafudukela imigama emide, ukuthengisa iinkomo ze-pile kunye nezinye iimpahla kubahlali batshintshiselana ngengqolowa kunye nefodder.
Umthombo B
Iiakhawunti zabahambi abaninzi zisixelela ngobomi bamaqela ngamalungu. Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, u-Buchanan watyelela iGobhothi ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe eMysore. Wabhala:
‘Iintsapho zabo zihlala kwiilali ezincinci ezikufutshane nengubo yehlathi, apho zihlakulela umhlaba, kwaye zigcina ezinye iinkomo, ukuthengisa kwiidolophu zemveliso yobisi. Iintsapho zabo zininzi kakhulu, zisixhenxe ukuya kwasibhozo kwinye into eqhelekileyo. Ababini okanye abathathu kwezi ziya kubakho impahla emfutshane yasemahlathini, ngelixa intsalela ihlakulela amasimi abo, kwaye inikeza iinkuni ngenkuni yolomvu.
Ukusuka: Francis Hamilton Buchanan, uhambo olusuka eMadras kumazwe amaninzi, eCanara neMalabar (iLondon, i-1807).
Kwintlango yaseRajashan yayihlala iRaikas. Imvula kuloo mmandla yayimncinci kwaye ingaqinisekanga. Ngomhlaba olinyiweyo, uvule uqhagamshele minyaka le. Ngaphezulu kweentlobo ezikhoyo akukho nto ikhulelweyo. Ke i-raikas ihlanganisene ukulinywa ngokutsha. Ebudeni beentaba, i-raikas ye-barmer, iJaisalmer, uJodhpur naseBikaner bahlala kumakhaya abo, apho idreyini yayikhona. Ngo-Okthobha, xa la mahlaba omile kwaye ediniwe, baphuma bekhangela amanye amadlelo namanzi, kwaye babuyiselwe kwakhona ngexesha le-Ten Monssoon. Iqela elinye le-raikas – eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mari rati intlango) I-Raikas – iinkamela ezenziwe ngenye iqhekeza kunye nelinye iqela lakhulela ibhokhwe nebhokhwe. Ke ngoko sibona ukuba ubomi bala maqela maqela buphindezelwa buye bathathwa ngononophelo kwimiba yomamkeli wezinto. Kwakufuneka bagwebe ixesha elingakanani imihlambi lokuhlala kwindawo enye, kwaye bazi apho bafumana khona amanzi kunye nedlelo. Babedinga ukubala ixesha lokuhamba kwabo, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba banokuhamba ngemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Kwakufuneka bamisele ubudlelwane kunye namafama endleleni, ukuze imihlambi idle amasimi avunayo kunye nomgquba umhlaba. Badibanisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo-ukulinywa, ukurhweba, kunye nokujikeleza- ukwenza ukuba baphile.
Ngaba ubomi baba bacalusi butshintsha njani phantsi kolawulo lobukoloniyali?
Language: Xhosa