Imifula emikhulu ye-Himalayan yi-Indus, i-gangma kanye ne-brahmaputra. Le mifula yinde, futhi ihlanganiswe nezinkantolo eziningi ezinkulu nezibalulekile. Umfula u-Tribarity wayo ungabizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lomfula.
Uhlelo lomfula indus
Induna yomfula iphakama eTibet, ngaseLake Masarowar. Igeleza entshonalanga, ingena eNdiya eLadakh. Kwakha isithombe esihle kule ngxenye. Izinkampani eziningana, i-zaskar, i-nubra, iShyok neHumiza, zijoyina esifundeni saseKashmir. I-Indus igeleza eBaltistan naseGilgit futhi ivela
izintaba zokuhlaselwa. I-satluj, i-beas, i-ravi, i-chenab kanye ne-jhelum bahlanganyela ndawonye ukungena e-Indus igeleza ngaseningizimu ekugcineni ifinyelela olwandle lwaseKaraki. I-Indus Plain inethambeka emnene kakhulu. Ngobude obuphelele ka-2900 km, i-Indus ingenye yemifula ende kunazo zonke yomhlaba. Ingxenye engaphezulu kwengxenye yesithathu ye-Indus Basin itholakala eNdiya Ladakh, Jamma naseKashmir, e-Himachal Pradesh nePunjab kanye nabanye abasePakistan.
Ingabe uyazi ? . Ngokwemithethonqubo yesivumelwano samanzi ase-Indus (1960), i-India ingasebenzisa amaphesenti angama-20 kuphela amanzi aphelele athwalwa nguMfula i-Indus River. Lawa manzi athwalwa ngohlelo lwe-Indus River. Lawa manzi asetshenziselwa ukunisela ePunjab, eHaryana naseningizimu nasentshonalanga yeRajasthan.
Uhlelo lweGanga River
Izihloko zeGanga, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-‘Bhhagirathi ‘zondliwa yiGango G6Laciere futhi zijoyine i-Alaknanda e-Devapkag e-Uttarakhand. EHarinwar, iGanga ivela yakha izintaba emathafeni.
IGanga lihlanganiswe nezinkomo eziningi zakha ama-Himalayas, ambalwa awo angama-ruves amakhulu, njengeYamuna, umfula iYamuna uqhakambisa i-yamunotri glacier eHimalayas. Igeleza ifana ne-ganga futhi njenge-tributary yebhange elifanele lihlangana neGanga e-Allahabad. I-Ghaghthara, iGandak kanye namaKosi asukuma eNepal Himalaya. Yimifula, yiziphi izingxenye zezikhukhula zamathafa asenyakatho minyaka yonke, ezibangela ukulimala okugcwele empilweni kanye nempahla, kanti zicebisa inhlabathi ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Izinkampani eziphambili, eziqhamuka ezinhlangeni zePeninsurar, kukhona u-chambal, uNetwa kanye neNdodana. Lokhu kuvuka ezindaweni ezi-semi-arid, ziba nezifundo zoSy futhi azithwali amanzi amaningi kuzo. Thola ukuthi ekugcineni kanjani ukujoyina iGanga.
Ingabe uyazi? .Uhlelo lweNamami Gange luyisisebenzi esihlanganisiwe sokonga esivunyelwe ‘njengohlelo lwe-Flagy’ nguhulumeni wobumbano ngoJuni 2014 ukufeza izinhloso ze-Twin zoMfula iNational, ukulondolozwa kweNational River, Ganga. Ungahlola ngale phrojekthi eHatt: // nmcg.nic.in/namiganga.SSPX#
Kukhuliswe ngamanzi ama-Tritutaries aso kanye nakwesobunxele, amaGanga ageleza empumalanga kuze kube nguFarakka eWest Bengal. Leli yindawo esenyakatho yeGanga Delta. Umfula u-bifurcates lapha; I-Bhagirathi-hooghhly (ohadiwe) igeleza eningizimu ngamathafa e-deltaic echibini laseBengal. I-maivertream, igeleza eningizimu ibe yi-bangladesh futhi ihlanganiswa ne-brahmaputra. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuye kwabi, kwaziwa njenge-meghna. Lo mfula onamandla, ngamanzi avela eGanga naseBrahmaputra, ugeleza ungene echibini laseBengali. I-Delta eyakheka yile mifula yaziwa njengeSundarban Delta.
Ingabe uyazi? .I-Sundarban Delta yathatha igama layo kusuka esihlahleni seSundari, esikhula kahle eMartshaland.
. Kuyinto delta enkulu kunazo zonke futhi esheshayo ekhula emhlabeni. Yikhaya futhi leRoyal Bengal IntuT.
Ubude be-ganga bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-2500. Bheka isithombe esingu-3.4; Ungakwazi ukubona uhlobo lwephethini yokudonsa eyakhiwe ngohlelo lomfula lweGanga? I-AMALA itholakala ekwahlukaniseni amanzi phakathi kwe-Indus kanye nezinhlelo zomfula iGanga River. Amathafa asuka eS AMBALA aya eSunderban anwebe cishe ngo-1800 km, kepha ukuwa komthambeka kwawo akunawo amamitha ayi-300. Ngamanye amagama, kunokuwa kwemitha elilodwa nje kuwo wonke amakhilomitha ayi-6. Ngakho-ke, umfula uthuthukisa iziqu ezinkulu.
Uhlelo lomfula i-brahmaputra
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I-brahmaputra ikhuphuka eTibet East yeMasarowar Lake eduze kwemithombo ye-Indus ne-satluj. Kude kakhulu kune-Indus, futhi iningi lenkambo yalo likhona ngaphandle kweNdiya. Igeleza ngasempumalanga ifana ne-Himalayas. Ekufinyeleleni i-Namcha Barwa (7757 m), kuthatha ithuba elithi ‘u’ angena eNdiya e-Arunachal Pradesh nge-Fradle. Lapha, ibizwa ngokuthi i-dihang futhi ihlanganiswa ne-dibang, i-lohit, nezinye izinkambo eziningi ukwakha i-brahmaputra e-Assam.
Ingabe uyazi? .Brahmaputra yaziwa ngokuthi i-Tsang Po eTibet naseJamuna eBangladesh. ETibet, umfula uthwala umthamo omncane wamanzi futhi usilika kancane njengoba kubanda futhi endaweni eyomile. ENdiya. Idlula esifundeni semvula ephezulu. Lapha umfula uthwala umthamo omkhulu wamanzi nenani elikhulu lesilika. I-brahmaputra inesiteshi esivuthiwe kuwo wonke ubude e-Assam futhi yakha iziqhingi eziningi zemifula. Uyakhumbula igama lesiqhingi somfula omkhulu emhlabeni owakhiwa i-brahmaputra? Minyaka yonke phakathi nenkathi yemvula, umfula uphonsa amabhange awo, okubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezikhukhula ngenxa yezikhukhula e-Assam naseBangladesh. Ngokungafani neminye imifula yaseNyakatho Indian, i-brahmaputra imakwe ngamadiphozi amakhulu esilika embhedeni wayo obangela ukuba kubelwe umfula. Umfula ubuye uguqule isiteshi saso njalo.
Imifula yePeninsur
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi okusemqoka ePeninsurar India kwakhiwa yiWestern Ghats, esuka enyakatho yaya eningizimu eduze nasentshonalanga nogu lwasentshonalanga. Iningi lemifula emikhulu yePeninsula, njengeMahavadi, i-GodAvari, iKrishna kanye neKrishna ligeleza empumalanga futhi likhipha echibini laseBengali. Le mifula yenza ama-Deltas emilonyeni yawo. Kunemifudlana emincane emincane egeleza entshonalanga yama-gats asentshonalanga. I-Narmada kanye ne-tapi yimifino kuphela yeLo8ng, egeleza entshonalanga futhi yenza izifunda. Imigodi yemifula yemifula ye-peninslar incane ngosayizi. I-Narmada Basin
I-Narmada ikhuphuka emagqumeni ama-Amrkantak emagqumeni ama-Amrkantak eMadhya Pradesh. Igeleza ibheke entshonalanga esigodini saseRift yakhiwa ngenxa yokwehluleka. Endleleni eya olwandle, iNarmada yakha izindawo eziningi ezinhle. ‘Amatshe amabhulukwe’ eduze kweJabalpur, lapho iNarmada igeleza khona esihlotsheni esijulile, futhi, ‘uDhuadhar, lapho umfula ungena khona phezu kwamatshe amatshe, angezinto eziphawuleka.
Ingabe uyazi? . I-Narmada River Conservation Mission yenziwe nguhulumeni waseMadhya Pradesh ngohlelo olubizwa ngegama nam Devi Narmade. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo. I-http: //www.namamidevinarmade.mp.gov.in ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngayo. Language: Zulu
Language: Zulu
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