Chapter 9
Gravitation
Page-134
Questions-
1. State the universal law of gravitation.
Ans-
2. Write the formula to find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and an object on the surface of the earth.
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Page-136
Questions-
1. What do you mean by free fall?
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2. What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity?
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Page-138
Questions-
1. What are the differences between the mass of an object and its weight?
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2. Why is the weight of an object on the moon its weight on the earth?
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Page-141
Questions-
1. Why is it difficult to hold a school bag having a strap made of a thin and strong string?
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2. What do you mean by buoyancy?
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3. Why does an object float or sink when placed on the surface of water?
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Page-142
Questions-
1. You find your mass to be 42 kg on a weighing machine. Is your mass more or less than 42 kg?’
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2. You have a bag of cotton and an iron bar, each indicating a mass of 100 kg when measured on a weighing machine. In reality, one is heavier than other. Can you say which one is heavier and why?
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Exercises-
1. How does the force of gravitation between two objects change when the distance between them is reduced to half ?
2. Gravitational force acts on all objects in proportion to their masses. Why then, a heavy object does not fall faster than a light object?
4. The earth and the moon are attracted to each other by gravitational force. Does the earth attract the moon with a force that is greater or smaller or the same as the force with which the moon attracts the earth? Why?
5. If the moon attracts the earth, why does the earth not move towards the moon?
6. What happens to the force between two objects, if
(i) the mass of one object is doubled?
(ii) the distance between the objects is doubled and tripled?
(iii) the masses of both objects are doubled?
7. What is the importance of universal law of gravitation?
8. What is the acceleration of free fall?
9. What do we call the gravitational force between the earth and an object?
10. Amit buys few grams of gold at the poles as per the instruction of one of his friends. He hands over the same when he meets him at the equator. Will the friend agree with the weight of gold bought? If not, why? [Hint: The value of g is greater at the poles than at the equator.]
11. Why will a sheet of paper fall slower than one that is crumpled into a ball?
13. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 49 m/s. Calculate
(i) the maximum height to which it rises,
(ii) the total time it takes to return to the surface of the earth.
14. A stone is released from the top of a tower of height 19.6 m. Calculate its final velocity just before touching the ground.
17. A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower 100 m high and at the same time another stone is projected vertically up wards from the ground with a velocity of 25 m/s. Calculate when and where the two stones will meet.
18. A ball thrown up vertically returns to the thrower after 6 s. Find
(a) the velocity with which it was thrown up,
(b) the maximum height it reaches, and
(c) its position after 4 s.
19. In what direction does the buoyant force on an object immersed in a liquid act?
20. Why does a block of plastic released under water come up to the surface of water?
