Chapter 8
Force and Laws of Motion
Page-118
Questions-
1. Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
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2. In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball changes:
“A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football towards the goal. The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football and kicks it towards a player of his own team”.
Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.
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3. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.
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4. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus. brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?
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Page-126
Questions-
1. If action is always equal to the reaction, explain how a horse can pull a cart.
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2. Explain, why is it difficult for a fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of water at a high velocity.
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3. From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of 35 m s-¹. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.
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4. Two objects of masses 100 g and 200 g are moving along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 m s¹ and 1 m s-¹, respectively.
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They collide and after the collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 m s-¹. Determine the velocity of the second object.।
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Exercises-
1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on
2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it,
Explain.
3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus
with a rope?
4. A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level
ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to
rest. The ball slows to a stop because
(a) the batsman did not hit the ball hard enough.
(b) velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball.
(c) there is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
(d) there is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest.
5. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 tonnes (Hint: 1 tonne = 1000 kg.)
6. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s–1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?
7. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then
calculate:
(a) the net accelerating force and
(b) the acceleration of the train.
8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s–2?
10. Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet?
11. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move.
16. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation Rational said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions.‘
