Akuwona wonke amaqembu ezenhlalo ashukunyiswa umqondo ongabonakali weSwaraj. Elinye iqembu elinjalo lalingumuntu wesizwe ‘akanakugwetshwa’, ubani ovela ngawo-1930s ayeseqalile ukuzibiza ngoDalit noma abacindezelwe. Isikhathi eside iCongress ayizange ayishaye indiva amaDalits, ngokwesaba ukucasula ama-sanatanis, amaHindu athembekile aphezulu. Kepha uMahatma Gandhi wamemezela ukuthi uSwaraj wayengeke eze iminyaka eyikhulu uma kungaqedwanga. Ubize ‘ukungathinti’ uHarijan, noma abantwana bakaNkulunkulu, bahlela satyagraha ukuze bawavikele ukungena emathempelini, nasekutholeni imithombo yomphakathi, amathangi, imigwaqo nezikole. Naye uqobo wahlanza amathoyilethi ukuthi avumele umsebenzi we-bhangi (ama-sweepeers), futhi ancenge amakhosi aphezulu ukuze aguqule izinhliziyo zawo futhi anikeze ‘isono sokungafaneleki’. Kepha abaholi abaningi be-dalit babezimisele esixazululweni sezepolitiki esihlukile ezinkingeni zomphakathi. Baqala ukuhlela, bafuna izihlalo ezigciniwe ezikhungweni zemfundo, kanye ne-elearctorate ehlukile eyayizokhetha amalungu e-dalit emikhandlu yomthetho. Ukuqiniswa kwezepolitiki, bakholwa, bezoxazulula izinkinga zokukhubazeka kwabo emphakathini. Ukubamba iqhaza kukaDalit embuthweni wokungalaleli wombango wawulinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMaharashtra naseNagpur lapho inhlangano yabo yayinamandla khona impela.
Dr b.r. I-Ambedkar, ehlele ama-dalides abe yinhlangano ecindezelekile ekilasini ngo-1930, ishayisana neMahatma Gandhi engqungqutheleni yesibili yethebula eliyindilinga ngokufuna ama-electorits ahlukile. Lapho uhulumeni waseBrithani uvuma isidingo sika-Ambedkar, uGandhiji waqala ukushesha waze waze waze wafa. Ukholelwe ukuthi abakhethiweyo abahlukile bakwaDalits babezonciphisa inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwabo emphakathini. I-Ambedkar ekugcineni yamukele isikhundla sikaGandhiji futhi umphumela waba yi-Poona Pact of Septhemba 1932. Inikeze amakilasi acindezelekile (kamuva ukuthi aziwa ngokuthi amasheya emikhandlu) egciniwe emikhakheni yesifundazwe naphakathi, kodwa kwakufanele avotelwe yi-General Lecorate. Nokho, ukunyakaza kwe-dalit kuqhubeke ukwesaba ukunyakaza kwezwe okuholwa yikhonkwane.
Ezinye zezinhlangano zezepolitiki zamaSulumane eNdiya nazo zivivi ngokuphendula zazo embuthweni wobuntu bomphakathi. Ngemuva kokwehla kwenhlangano engeyona yokubambisana – i-Khilafat Movement, ingxenye enkulu yamaSulumane yayizizwa ihlukanisiwe neCongress. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1920s kwaqala ukubonwa okuhlotshaniswa namaqembu amaHindu enkolo enkolo avulekile njengeHindu Mahasabhabha. Njengoba ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaHindu namaSulumane abalekayo, umphakathi ngamunye uhlele ukucubungula kwenkolo ngentukuthelo yempi, evusa izingxabano zomphakathi zamaSulumane namaSulumane emadolobheni ahlukahlukene. Njalo iziphithiphithi zijulisa ibanga phakathi kwale miphakathi emibili.
ICongress kanye ne-Muslim League yenze imizamo yokubuyisa kabusha umfelandawonye, kwathi ngo-1927 kwavela ukuthi kungenzeka kwakhiwe ubunye obunjalo. Umehluko obalulekile wawuphezu kombuzo wokumelwa emihlanganweni esesikhathi esizayo okwakuzokhethwa. UMuhammad Ali Jinnah, omunye wabaholi beligi yamaSulumane, wayezimisele ukudela isidingo sezokwenziwa ngama-Electorate, uma amaSulumane aqinisekiswa izihlalo ezigciniwe emhlanganweni omkhulu kanye nokumelwa kwezifundazwe ezibuswa amaSulumane (Bengal kanye nePunjab). Ukuxoxisana ngombuzo wokumelwa kwaqhubeka kodwa lonke ukuxazulula inkinga kule ndaba engqungqutheleni Yonke Ingqungquthela ngo-1928 yanyamalala lapho uM.R. Jayakar kaHindu uMahasabha aphikisa imizamo enamandla yokuyekethisa.
Lapho iNhlangano Engalali Ukungalaleli iqala lapho kwakukhona umoya wokusola nokungathembani phakathi kwemiphakathi. Kuhlukaniswe neCongress, izingxenye ezinkulu zamaSulumane azikwazanga ukuphendula ocingweni lomzabalazo obumbene. Abaholi abaningi abangamaSulumane kanye nabafundile bazwakalise ukukhathazeka kwabo ngesimo samaSulumane njengento encane e-India. Babesaba ukuthi isiko nokungaziwa kwabantu abancane babezokwenziwa ngaphansi kokubuswa yiningi lamaHindu.
Umthombo d
Ngo-1930, uSir Muhammad Iqbal, njengoMongameli we-Muslim League, waphinda ukubaluleka kwama-electorate ahlukanise amaSulumane njengosizo olubalulekile lwezinzuzo zazo zezepolitiki ezimbalwa. Isitatimende sakhe kufanele sinikeze isizathu esizwakalayo sokufunwa kwePakistan eyakhuphuka eminyakeni eyalandela. Yilokhu akusho:
‘Anginakungabaza ekumemezeleni ukuthi uma umgomo amaSulumane waseNdiya anelungelo lokuthola ukuthuthuka okugcwele nangokwesiko emasikweni akhe amakhaya asekhaya – amazwe asekhaya asemakhaya aseNdiya. Isisekelo iqembu ngalinye elinelungelo lokuthuthukiswa kwamahhala emigqeni yalo aliphefumulelwa yinoma yimuphi umuzwa wokuhlangana okuncane komphakathi ophefumulelwe neminye imiphakathi ephansi futhi ungabi. Ngijabulisa inhlonipho ephakeme kakhulu yamasiko, imithetho, izinkolo kanye nezikhungo zenhlalo zeminye imiphakathi. Cha, kungumsebenzi wami ngokuya ngezimfundiso ze-Quran, ngisho nokuvikela izindawo zabo zokukhulekela, uma kunesidingo. Kodwa-ke ngiyalithanda iqembu lomphakathi elingumthombo wokuphila nokuziphatha futhi ongenzele lokho engingowakho ngokunginika inkolo yalo, izincwadi zalo, ukucatshangelwa kwalo, lapho kudlula khona okusebenzayo njengento yami yokusebenza.
‘Ukuhlangana ngesici sayo esiphakeme, khona-ke, kubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwesivumelwano esivumelana ngaso ezweni elifana ne-India. Amayunithi womphakathi waseNdiya awona amakhulu njengasemazweni aseYurophu … Umgomo wentando yeningi waseYurophu awukwazi ukusetshenziswa eNdiya ngaphandle kokubona iqiniso lamaqembu ahlanganayo. Isidingo samaSulumane sokudalwa kwe-Muslim India eNdiya, ngakho-ke, sinezeleleke ngokuphelele …
‘UmHindu ucabanga ukuthi abakhethiweyo abahlukile baphikisana nomoya wobuzwe bangempela, ngoba uyaliqonda igama elithi “isizwe” lisho uhlobo lokuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi lomphakathi lapho alukho khona ibhizinisi lakubo. Isimo sezinto esinjalo, noma kunjalo, asikho. I-India izwe lezinhlobonhlobo zobuhlanga nezenkolo. Ngeza kulokhu ukwehla kwezomnotho okujwayelekile kwamaSulumane, isikweletu sabo esikhulu, ikakhulukazi ePunjab, futhi iningi labo kwezinye izifundazwe, njengoba njengamanje lakhiwe futhi uzoqala ukubona kahle okushiwo ukukhathazeka okuhlukile.
Language: Zulu