Turabona rero ko abaturage b’abashumba mu bice bitandukanye byisi bigira ingaruka muburyo butandukanye butandukanye nimpinduka zisi ya none. Amategeko mashya nimipaka mishya igira ingaruka kumiterere yabo. Hamwe no kwiyongera kuburinganire kubashumba babo, abashumba basanga bigoye kugenda bashaka urwuri. Nkuko ibihugu byo kuragira uburiganya bihinduka ikibazo, mugihe urwuri rukomeza kwangirika binyuze kurisha hejuru. Ibihe by’amapfa biba ibihe by’ibibazo, iyo inka zipfa ari nyinshi.
Nyamara, abashumba bakorana nibihe bishya. Bahindura inzira z’umuryango we ngarukamwaka, bagabanya umubare w’inka, basaba ko binjira mu turere dushya, bakabona igitutu cya politiki kuri guverinoma, inkunga n’ubundi buryo bwo gushyigikira no gusaba uburenganzira mu micungire y’amashyamba n’imitungo y’amazi. Abashumba ntabwo basigara kera. Ntabwo ari abantu badafite umwanya mwisi ya none. Abashinzwe ibidukikije n’abahanga mu bukungu bagenda bamenya ko mu buryo bw’ubuhanga bumaze kumenya ko mu buryo bw’ubushumba bumaze kumenya ko ibihangano by’ubushutora ari uburyo bw’ubuzima bukwiranye rwose n’uturere twinshi kandi wumye ku isi.
Ibikorwa
1. Tekereza ko ari 1950 kandi uri umushumba wimyaka 60 uba mu Buhinde. Urimo kubwira umukobwa wawe mukuru kubyerekeye impinduka zabaye mubuzima bwawe nyuma yubwigenge. Wavuga iki?
2. Tekereza ko wasabwe n’ikinyamakuru kizwi cyo kwandika ingingo ivuga ku buzima n’imigenzo ya Maasai muri Afurika yabanjirije ubukoloni. Witondere ingingo, ubiha umutwe ushimishije.
3. Shakisha byinshi kuri bimwe mumiryango y’abashumba yaranzwe mu gishushanyo cya 11 na 13.
Ibibazo
1. Sobanura impamvu amoko adakeneye kuva ahantu hamwe ujya ahandi. Ni izihe nyungu z’ibidukikije z’uru rugendo ruhoraho?
2. Muganire ku mpamvu guverinoma y’abakoloni mu Buhinde yazanye amategeko akurikira. Muri buri gihugu, sobanura uburyo Amategeko yahinduye ubuzima bw’abashumba:
Gutangiza amategeko y’ubutaka
Ibikorwa by’ishyamba
Gukora imiryango mpanabyaha
Gukagira umusoro
3. Tanga impamvu zo gusobanura impamvu umuryango wa Maasai wabuze ibishanga byabo.
4. Hariho byinshi bisa muburyo isi yajyanyweho rihinduka mubuzima bwabaturage b’abashumba mu Buhinde no muri Afrika yuburasirazuba. Andika kubyerekeye ingero zose zibiri zimpinduka zari zisa nabashumba b’Abahinde n’Abazungeri ba Maasai.
Language: Rwandi