Sikuti abusa onse sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kumapiri. Amapezekanso ku Plateaus, zigwa ndi zipululu za India.
Dhangars inali mdera lofunika laubusa la Maharashtra. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1800 chiwerengero chawo m’derali chinayenera kukhala 467,000. Ambiri aiwo anali abusa, ena anali owomba modekha, ndipo ena anali abusa a njati. Abusa a Dhangar adakhala m’mphepete mwa Maharashtra nthawi yamvula. Iyi inali dera lokhala ndi midzi yopanda mvula yochepa komanso dothi losauka. Inali yokutidwa ndi khomo laminga. Palibe koma mbewu zowuma monga Bafa ikhoza kufesedwa pano. Kapepala kameneka kameneka kapepala kamakhala malo akuluakulu okwera pansi. Podzafika pa Okutobala, adatula Bajra wawo ndikuyamba kuyenda kumadzulo. Pambuyo paulendo wa mwezi umodzi adafika ku Konkan. Uwu unali kutukuka kwaulimi ndi mvula yambiri komanso dothi lolemera. Apa abusawo adalandiridwa ndi akona a Konkani. Kukolola kwa Khariat kunadulidwa panthawiyi, minda imayenera kuthiridwa ndikukonzera kukolola kwa wopusa. Dhangar zoweta zimapatsa minda ndikudyetsa ziputu. Anzake a Konkani nawonso adaperekanso chakudya chomwe abusawo adapitanso ku Plateau pomwe mbewu zinali zochepa. Ndi kuyamba kwa phokoso kunachoka ku Konkan ndi madera okhala ndi zoweta zawo ndikubwerera kudera lawo louluka. Nkhosa sinathe kulekerera nyengo yonyowa. Ku Karnataka ndi Andra Pradesh, kachiwiri, mapiri owuma pakati anali ndi mwala ndi udzu, wokhala ndi ng’ombe, mbuzi ndi nkhosa. Ng’ombe zamphongo zoweta. Kurumas ndi kurubas kudali kudalitsidwa nkhosa ndi mbuzi ndikugulitsa zofunda za utoto. Ankakhala pafupi ndi nkhuni, kulima miyala yamiyala, yochita masewera osiyanasiyana komanso amasamalira ng’ombe zawo. Mosiyana ndi abusa oyendetsa mapiri, sizinali zozizira komanso chipale chofewa chomwe chimafotokozera za kayendedwe ka nyengo yawo: M’malo mwake chinali kusinthana kwa nthawi yamvula komanso nyengo yamvula. M’nyengo yamvula adasamukira ku matrakiti a m’mbali mwa nyanja, ndipo adachoka pomwe mvula idabwera. Ma buffalo okha omwe ankakonda kusinthika, minyewa yonyowa ya madera am’mphepete mwa miyezi yambiri. Gulu lina limayenera kusunthidwa ku mapiri owuma nthawi ino.
Banjaras anali gulu lina lodziwika bwino la anyani. Anayenera kupezeka m’midzi ya Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Mahahya Pradesh ndi Maharashtra. Kufunafuna msipu wabwino kwa ng’ombe zawo, adasamukira mtunda wautali, kugulitsa ng’ombe kulima ndi katundu wina kwa anthu okhala m’mudzimo posinthanitsa ndi tirigu ndi chakudya.
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Nkhani za anthu ambiri amatiuza za moyo wa abusa. M’zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Buchanin adayendera gollas nthawi yake kudutsa myyore. Analemba kuti:
‘Mabanja awo amakhala m’midzi yaying’ono pafupi ndi siketi yamitengo, pomwe amalima pansi, ndikugulitsa ng’ombe zawo, ndikugulitsa m’matauni a mkaka. Mabanja awo ndi ambiri ochulukirapo, asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu a anyamata aliwonse. Awiri kapena atatu a amenewa amalowa m’nkhalangomo m’nkhalangomo, pomwe wotsala amalima minda yawo, ndi kupatsa minda yawo, ndi kupatsa minda yake ndi nkhuni, ndi udzu kuti ukhale.
Kuchokera: Francis Hamilton Buchanan, ulendo wochokera ku Madharas kudutsa maiko a Canare, Canara ndi Malabar (London, 1807).
M’kupululu cha Rajashan amakhala ku Raikani. Mvula yamvula m’derali inali yocheperako komanso yosatsimikizika. Pamtunda, kukolola mosintha bwino chaka chilichonse. Pamaso pa akuluakulu palibe mbewu yomwe ingakulemedwe. Chifukwa chake, Raikas amaphatikizanso kulima ndi ubusa. Pa nthawi ya Monsloons, a Jaisas, Juakanir, Jodhpur ndi Bikaner adakhala m’midzi yakunyumba, komwe kukaphika kunali kupezeka. Pofika pa Okutobala, pomwe malo odyetsawa anali owuma komanso otopa, anasaka kukasaka msipu ndi madzi ena, ndipo anabweranso nthawi yozizira. Gulu limodzi la rikas – lotchedwa The The Thamlungu lotchedwa The Ouikas – ngamila zoweta ndipo gulu linanso limadalira mbuzi ndi mbuzi. Chifukwa chake tikuwona kuti moyo wa magulu abusawa adazisamalira bwino zinthu. Anayenera kuweruza momwe ng’ombe zimakhalira kudera limodzi, ndikudziwa komwe angapeze madzi ndi msipu. Anafunikira kuwerengera nthawi yomwe amayenda, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti atha kuyenda m’magawo osiyanasiyana. Anayenera kukhazikitsa ubale ndi alimi panjira, kuti ziweto zimatha kudya minda yokolola ndikuwongolera nthaka. Anaphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana – kulima, malonda, komanso kuweta- kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Kodi moyo wa abusa adasintha bwanji ulamuliro wa Colonine?
Language: Chichewa