Ngo-1772, uHenry Paullo, igosa leqela, wayeye wangena esithi imfuno yeelahlekile zaseIndiya ayinakuze inciphise, kuba kungekho esinye isizwe esivelise iimpahla zomgangatho ofanayo. Ukanti ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba sibona ukuqala kokukhuphela ixesha elide kwi-India. Ngo-1811-12 pile-pic-pic-pic-pictouse iphendulwe kwiipesenti ezingama-33 ze-India ezithunyelwa ngaphandle; Ngo-1850-51 kwakungekho ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezi-3.
Kutheni le nto yenzeke? Zithini izinto zayo?
Njengamashishini eCotton kuphuhliswa eNgilane, amaqela amashishini aqalisa ukuzixhalabisa ngezinto ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Bacinezela urhulumente ukuba anyanzelise imisebenzi yokungenisa kwiziko le-cotton ukuze iimpahla ze-mancheter zithengiswe eBritani ngaphandle kokujamelana naluphi na ukhuphiswano oluvela ngaphandle. Kwangelo xesha kwezommizi-mveliso ivumela inkampani yase-East India ukuba ithengise imveliso yaseBritane kwiimarike ze-Indiya. Ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwiZinto zeBritane zeBritane zonyuke kakhulu kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo apho kwakungekho kungeniswa kwempahla ye-cotton kwi-India. Kodwa ngama-1850 iimpahla zekotoni zenziwe ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-31 zexabiso lezinto ezingeniswayo zeIndiya; Kwaye nge-1870s eli nani lalingaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50.
I-Cotton yamaKatozeni e-India yayijamelene neengxaki ezimbini kwangaxeshanye: Intengiso yabo yokuthumela iwile, kunye nentengiso yendawo yengingqi, ikhutshiwe ngendawo yokungenela iMachecher. Iveliswe ngoomatshini kwiindleko ezisezantsi, iimpahla zekotoni ezingeniswayo zazingabizi kakhulu ukuba abaluki bangenakukwazi ukukhuphisana ngokulula nabo. Ngeminyaka yee-1850, iingxelo ezivela kwimimandla eyomqolo wamabali amaIndiya ebalisa ukunqanda nokuphanziswa.
Nge-1860s, i-Welters ijongene nengxaki entsha. Abakwazanga ukufumana ukonwaba okwaneleyo kwekotoni evuthayo yomgangatho olungileyo. Xa iMelika yaseMelika
Imfazwe yamakhaya yaqalisa kwaye i-CoTton ibonelela nge-US inqunyulwe, iBritane yajika eIndiya. Njengoko i-Cotton yeCotton yeCotton esuka eIndiya inyuka, ixabiso le-cotton evuthiweyo. Abaluki eIndiya babulawa yindlala kwaye banyanzelwa ukuba bathenge i-cotton evuthayo ngamaxabiso aphezulu. Kule, ukuluka kwemeko akunakubhatala.
Ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, i-Welters kunye nezinye iingcibi zijamelene nenye ingxaki. Iifektri eIndiya zaqalisa ukuvelisa, ukukhupha ukuthengisa ngempahla yempahla. Banokwaphumla njani amashishini amanokwenzeka ukuba aphile?
Language: Xhosa